Question

A team is designing a CI/CD pipeline for a cloud-native application on Kubernetes. Developers push code to a Git repository, and the pipeline must produce an artifact that the cluster can run. In which stage of a typical cloud-native CI/CD flow is the container image built and pushed to a registry?

Accepted Answer

During the continuous integration (CI) stage, after code is committed and tests pass, so the image is available for later deployment

Answer

During the continuous deployment (CD) stage, immediately before the kubelet schedules the Pod onto a node

Answer

By the Kubernetes scheduler at runtime, which compiles source code into an image when a Pod is created

Answer

By the container runtime on each node the first time a Pod referencing the image starts